Pulse electric field exposure effect on morphological properties of HeLa cells

This thesis is concerned with the investigation of pulsed electric field (PEF) towards biological cells. Biological cells selected in this study are HeLa (cervical cancer) cells. There are two parts of the study, which was involving modeling methods and experimental setup. Modeling method used involves analytical (MATLAB) and numerical (CST®EMS) methods. Both of these methods are to prove the existence of the effect on transmembrane potential changes when subjected exposed to PEF strength. This result can be seen clearly when both method showed the existence of changes effects on transmembrane potential. Therefore, this study continues by identifying an appropriate experimental setup. Experimental setup involves four important parts, the first part is the source of square wave PEF (ECM®830) that can generate until 3kV field strength. Followed by modified EC magnetic chamber with incubator system that has been used in order to exposed HeLa cells to PEF. At the same time this system is coupled with Nikon inverted microscope (Ti-series) for subsequent visualization techniques, image and video. In the early stage, experimental setup was tested by monitoring the proliferation rate of HeLa cells within 0 to 48 hours. Then HeLa cells were tested to look at the swelling effect via PEF exposure. After that, we continued to identify the optimum PEF parameters for reversible condition on HeLa cell. As a result HeLa cells gives a good response at 2.7kV field strength, 30μs pulse length with single pulse. Further study showed that two or more adjacent HeLa cells merge together due to increased cell membrane permeability (electrofusion). This discovery triggered an idea to look at the PEF effect on wound healing process. An artificial wound site were investigated with and without PEF exposure. The finding shows PEF exposed wound area took 3 hours to completely heal while the untreated area took 10 hours. This prove a novel technique (electrical based novel treatment) which could be an alternative to drug usage for wound healing process. Overall, the findings achieved in this study could lead us onto a drug free wound healing method

Histogram Equalization with Filtering Techniques for Enhancement of Low Quality Microscopic Blood Smear Images

This paper presents image enhancement and filtering techniques for microscope blood smear image, in order to improve low image quality that have characteristics: blurred, the diminished true color of objects which are cells , unclear boundary and low contrast between the cells and background. Therefore in this paper proposed histogram equalization (HE) technique followed with filtering techniques such as median filter. HE utilizing to adjust the contrast which based on intensity pixels values, hence able to measure image quality through image histogram as shown in results, while removing noise from the images using filtering and gamma correction parameter in order to distinguish between background and foreground (cells) to get clear borders also. These techniques have been implemented on 46 blood samples. The proposed method successfully improve the readability of the cells in the low quality of blood smear images this mean that contain more information with a good effectiveness which lead for the correct sickness detection and data analysis

Investigation on anti-proliferation properties of porcupine bezoar (hystrix brachyuran) extracts exposed on hela cells lines combined with electroporation technique

Electroporation (EP) is a technique whereby the biophysical changes on the cells that induced external high-intensity electrical field pulses in order to enhance applications in the medical field. It is a molecular biology technique in order to create pores through a cell wall membrane, boost the permeability of the cell membrane, and support chemicals, drugs or DNA to be imported into Hela cells. While by combining electroporation (EP) technique with porcupine bezoar (PB) extract might reduce the proliferation of HeLa cells because this compound extract has the ability of anti-proliferation and also anti-angiogenesis properties for controlling cancer cell growth. This research concentrate on reviewing and analyses the basic concepts and methods of combining electroporation and porcupine bezoar (PB) extract as applied in cancer treatment application. The combination of this technique might be a new alternative for anti-cancer treatment. The combination of this technique might be a new way for anti-cancer treatment. © 2018 Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. All rights reserved

Development of high voltage pulse inducement method for biological cell

— Electroporation (EP) system is a process of controlling cell functions by using electromagnetic fields (EMF) to create pores through a cellular membrane that causes cell lysis and apoptosis. In this paper we present an experimental setup for fundamental studies on cell EP. An adjustable high voltage pulse generator (3kV/10μs – 600μs pulse length) system were connected to the EP chamber which subsequently allow real time observation of membrane permeability changes and cellular physiology. In order to initiate higher cell viability rate, high transfection efficiency, lower sample contamination and smaller Joule heating the modification of EP chamber need to be implemented. . Following that, HeLa cell culture has been projected as cell that will be used in this study. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for the future studies

Combined effect of neolamarckia cadamba leaves and electroporation method on hela cell anti- proliferation process

This study suggests that natural sources may become an important tool in treating cancer. Neolamarckia cadamba (NC) leaves also well-known as “Anthocephalus Cadamba”, is a precious plant in Ayurvedic medicine. HeLa cells are one of the examples of eukaryotic cells type. It is derived from human cervical cancer cells. This experiment is conducted in different concentrations of NC Leaves (1μg/ml, 5μg/ml, 10μg/ml, 20μg/ml, 30μg/ml, 40μg/ml, 50μg/ml, 60μg/ml, 70μg/ml, 80μg/ml, 90μg/ml and 100μg/ml) for 48 hours. This experiment’s result proves that the anti-cancer properties of the extract of NC leaves are by increasing the concentration of extract, the numbers of cell viability will decrease. For contribution, the process of NC leaves extract will be combined with the electroporation process to investigate the effect on HeLa cell. Electroporation parameters used for this study were (voltage 600v/cm, pulse duration 5ms, single pulse)

Analytical approach to unidirectional flow of non-Newtonian fluids of differential type

This thesis is regarding the development of mathematical models and analytical techniques for non-Newtonian fluids of differential types on a vertical plate, horizontal channel, vertical channel, capillary tube and horizontal cylinder. For a vertical plate, a mathematical model of the unsteady flow of second-grade fluid generated by an oscillating wall with transpiration, and the problem of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of third-grade fluid in a porous medium, have been developed. General solutions for the second-grade fluid are derived using Laplace transform, perturbation and variable separation techniques, while for the third-grade fluid are derived using symmetry reduction and new modified homotopy perturbation method (HPM). For a horizontal channel, a new analytical algorithm to solve transient flow of third-grade fluid generated by an oscillating upper wall has been proposed. A new approach of the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) have been proposed to solve steady mixed convection flows of fourth-grade fluid in a vertical channel. The accuracy of the approximate solution is achieved through the residual function. For a capillary tube, two flow problems of the second-grade fluid were developed. Firstly, oscillating flow and heat transfer driven by a sinusoidal pressure waveform, and secondly, free convection flow driven due to the reactive nature of the viscoelastic fluid. The solutions for the first problem were derived using Bessel transform technique while for the second problem by using a new modified homotopy perturbation transform method. For a horizontal cylinder, an unsteady third-grade fluid in a wire coating process inside a cylindrical die is developed. A special case of the problem is obtained for magnetohydrodynamic flow with heat transfer for second-grade fluid. Both of these two problems are solved using a new modified homotopy perturbation transform method. Data, graph and solutions obtained are shown and were found in good agreement with previous studies

IoT Based Health Monitoring System for Elderly Patient

The joy of the loved ones is among the key factors to our happier lives. For the best life, people require extra attention from health monitoring point in order to stay healthy and safe. Therefore, a practical innovation product to monitor patient health such as the elderly monitoring system are developed and proposed in this article. The product is based on IoT where it can monitor the body's temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate of the patient on a long distance using smartphones. The proposed system uses nodeMCU as a microcontroller, three sensors units and ThingSpeak as application platform. A smart lifestyle typically among the elderly can be developed using innovative products like this in the future. It can help doctors and guardians to monitor elderly patients from long-haul distance. &nbsp

Study of effect of microsecond pulsed electric fields on threshold area of HeLa Cells

Microsecond pulse electric field (IlSPEF) application development substantially affected the development of research process including controlling cell functions by using pulses of electrical fields to create pores through a cellular membrane causes cell lysis and apoptosis commonly known as electroporation. Here we demonstrate the influence of the IlSPEF on the threshold area (TA) of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) membrane. The electric field for IlSPEF is 3kV/cm while the pulse interval is lOOms. The pulse length and the number of pulses were fixed at lOllS and 5, respectively. While the cultured skin cells are placed in 9 mm-gap EP electrode chamber for allowing real time observation of membrane permeability changes and cellular physiology. In order to initiate higher cell viability rate, high transfection efficiency, lower sample contamination and smaller Joule heating effect the modification of EP chamber need to be done which can be controlled by pH scale, temperature and humidity. The experiment using high pulse electrical field with simply repetitive pulses shows the threshold area of cell membrane was decreasing gradually to 44.59Ilm, and is settled within hundreds of second. We found that the threshold area of cells membrane was affected when exposed to high voltage pulse electric field. The dependence of the threshold area on the HeLa cell membrane might be associated with the electrical impedance of the plasma membrane that begins to fluctuate after the application of a certain level of IlSPEF

Combined effect of Neolamarckia cdamba leaves and electroporation method on HeLa cell anti- proliferation process

This study suggests that natural sources may become an important tool in treating cancer. Neolamarckia cadamba (NC) leaves also well-known as “Anthocephalus Cadamba”, is a precious plant in Ayurvedic medicine. HeLa cells are one of the examples of eukaryotic cells type. It is derived from human cervical cancer cells. This experiment is conducted in different concentrations of NC Leaves (1μg/ml, 5μg/ml, 10μg/ml, 20μg/ml, 30μg/ml, 40μg/ml, 50μg/ml, 60μg/ml, 70μg/ml, 80μg/ml, 90μg/ml and 100μg/ml) for 48 hours. This experiment's result proves that the anti-cancer properties of the extract of NC leaves are by increasing the concentration of extract, the numbers of cell viability will decrease. For contribution, the process of NC leaves extract will be combined with the electroporation process to investigate the effect on HeLa cell. Electroporation parameters used for this study were (voltage 600v/cm, pulse duration 5ms, single pulse)